A statement from the Cunningham Dance Foundation said the New
York-based dancer “died peacefully in his home of natural causes” on
Sunday.

He formed the Merce Cunningham Dance Company in 1953 and choreographed nearly 200 works for it.

Although he used a wheelchair by the end of his career, Cunningham danced on stage well into his 80s.

‘Kind and hospitable’

The
statement said he “revolutionised the visual and performing arts, not
for the sake of iconoclasm, but for the beauty and wonder that lay in
exploring new possibilities”.

Radiohead have paid tribute to the dance star, calling him “kind and hospitable”.

In a statement posted on their website, the band said: “We are very sad to hear about Merce Cunningham’s death.

“Merce invited us to take part in his Split Sides project, in October 2003.

DANCING WITH CUNNINGHAM Steve Schifferes, BBC News reporter I studied the Cunningham technique as a student at Bennington College in Vermont with many of his key disciples, and later briefly took some classes with Cunningham at his Westbeth studio in New York’s Greenwich Village. Cunningham was mesmerising in person and as a dancer – especially the expressiveness of his gestures, with his feet almost as expressive as his hands. His technique, involving loosening up the lower back and making movement more free-flowing, was a relief to those who studied the tensed movements of his previous mentor, the great modern dancer Martha Graham, whose story-telling approach to dance he also rejected.

“It was a collaboration of music and dance, but one where each of
the elements – set, costume, choreography and music – were randomly
combined, to create a performance around chance.”

They added
that Cunningham had showed them how “discipline and focus can create
the space for an unexpected moment, when something new can suddenly
exist: such a contrast to the scripted world of rock”.

‘Great artist’

Judith
Fishman, chairman of the Cunningham Dance Foundation, said: “Merce was
an artistic maverick and the gentlest of geniuses.

“We have
lost a great man and a great artist, but we celebrate his extraordinary
life, his art, and the dancers and the artists with whom he worked.”

In
April, Cunningham celebrated his 90th birthday with the premiere of new
work Nearly Ninety – set to new music from Led Zeppelin’s John Paul
Jones and Sonic Youth – at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, in New York.

Last month, Cunningham set up The Living Legacy Plan, aimed at continuing his teachings in the future.

As
part of the plan, Cunningham’s work is to celebrated by his company
with a two-year world tour culminating in a final performance in New
York.

Toss of coin

Born just after World War I in a small town near Seattle, Cunningham loved to dance as a child.

From
1939 to 1945, he was a soloist in the company of Martha Graham,
regarded at the time as one of the foremost pioneers of modern dance.

He
presented his first New York solo concert in April 1944, with music
from composer John Cage, who became his life partner and frequent
collaborator until Cage’s death in 1992.

Cunningham formed his own dance company in 1953

In a radical move, the couple decided to end the traditional
marriage of movement and music, saying that both arts should exist
independently even when sharing the same space.

Cunningham also abandoned conventional storytelling through ballet to focus entirely on the poetry of dance.

He
even tossed coins or threw dice to determine steps, saying the use of
chance was “a present mode of freeing my imagination from its own
cliches”.

He was hugely admired by other dancers and worked with visual artists such as Robert Rauschenberg and Andy Warhol.

Cunningham’s work has been presented by the New York City Ballet, Zurich Ballet and the Rambert Dance Company among others.

Among
the accolades he received over his long career included the Kennedy
Center Honors in 1985 and the National Medal of Arts in 1990.